How to Form an LLC in Maine
This guide to starting an LLC in Maine provides step-by-step instructions on filing formation documents, obtaining tax IDs, and setting up company records.
Overview
LLCs are the most popular business structure because they are inexpensive to form, provide flexibility to the owners, and are easy to run. Forming your LLC legally establishes your business, limits your personal liability, and gains tax flexibility. The following step-by-step will help you as you undertake this process.
Fast Facts: Your Budget and Timeline
Here is an overview of the total paperwork, cost, and time it takes to form an LLC in Maine. Be sure to read the final step in this guide - "Ongoing Filings" - to understand your ongoing costs to maintain a compliant Maine LLC.
- Form MLLC-6: Maine Limited Liability Company Certificate of Formation
- Operating Agreement
- IRS Form SS-4: Obtain an EIN
- Maine Application for Tax Registration
- Formation: $175 + optional $50-100 expedite fee
- Formation: Immediately online. ~14 business days. ~24 hours for $50 expedite fee. Immediately for $100 expedite fee.
Step-by-Step Maine LLC Instructions
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Check Name Availability
The legal name of your LLC may not conflict with any other registered name. Check availability of your desired name by conducting a name search.
Name Search: Maine Secretary of State - Bureau of Corporations, Elections, and Commissions
Name searchName Reservation: Optional Suffix: Must contain the words "limited liability company" or "limited company" or the abbreviation "L.L.C.," "LLC," "L.C." or "LC" or, in the case of a low-profit limited liability company, "L3C" or "13c" unless the limited liability company is filing an assumed name under section 1510 or a registration of a name of a foreign limited liability company under section 1511. The word "limited" may be abbreviated as "Ltd.," and "company" may be abbreviated as "Co.".
31 MRSA §1508 -
Appoint a Registered Agent
Before you officially file to create your Maine LLC, you will need to decide who your Maine registered agent will be. A registered agent is a business's legal appointee to receive notice of lawsuit and other legal or government notices.
State law requires every LLC to have a registered agent. The registered agent is designated when you file Maine articles of organization with the Maine Secretary of State - Bureau of Corporations, Elections, and Commissions.
Our reliable registered agent service fulfills this requirement. You get:
- Same-day documents from our local office in Portland
- Immediate online access to state forms with our address and, where required, our signature
- Annual fees from $89 to $99 per state with no additional charges
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File Maine Certificate of Formation
File the articles of organization to create your limited liability company.
Agency: Maine Secretary of State - Bureau of Corporations, Elections, and Commissions Form: Instructions: Filing Method: Mail or in-person
Agency Fee: $175 + optional $50-100 expedite fee
Turnaround: ~14 business days. ~24 hours for $50 expedite fee. Immediately for $100 expedite fee.
Law: Maine Revised Statues - Title 31, Chapter 21: Limited Liability Companies
Notes: When filing by mail, include the filer contact cover form. Original inked signatures are required.
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Establish Company Records
Your LLC must keep correct and complete books and records. Your filed articles of organization are the first documents for your LLC’s records. Your LLC will generate many other official records such as:
- Meeting minutes
- Operating agreement
- EIN verification letter
- Amendments and other filings made to the LLC throughout its lifetime
Organizations need a secure, centralized tool for managing and accessing sensitive records. Our Records Manager software offers a simple, efficient way for LLCs to store records, track members and managers, and customize meeting notifications.
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Create the Operating Agreement
Draft an Operating Agreement (potentially using a template) which is the governing document for the LLC. It defines the formalities of how the LLC will run itself such as holding an annual meeting. You will review and adopt the agreement at your organizational meeting.
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Hold the Organizational Meeting
The first meeting of the members of the LLC is the organizational meeting. You will need your filed articles of organization and your operating agreement in order to conduct this meeting. Keep minutes of this meeting and store them in your company record book.
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Get a Federal Employer Identification Number (EIN)
If your LLC has more than one member or will hire employees, it must obtain an EIN. An EIN is also often required to open a bank account.
Agency: Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Form: Filing Method: Mail, phone, fax, or online.
IRS fee: $0
Turnaround: Immediately online or by phone. 4 business days by fax. 4-5 weeks by mail.
Notes: The IRS website is only available during certain hours. Print your EIN before closing your session. For additional guidance, see IRS Pub 1635: Understanding Your EIN.
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Get Maine State Tax Identification Numbers/Accounts
Submit a single application to register for income tax withholding, unemployment compensation tax, sales and use tax, service provider tax, motor fuels tax, and other business taxes.
- Submit to:
- Maine Revenue Services
http://www.maine.gov/revenue/ - Form:
- Maine Application for Tax Registration
- Fee:
- $0
- Filing Method:
- Mail or online
- Notes:
- You need your EIN to register.
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Consider Electing S-Corp or C-Corp Taxation
By default, your LLC receives pass-through taxation and the vast majority of LLCs keep this tax classification. Some LLCs benefit from electing S-Corp or C-Corp tax treatment:
- S-Corp treatment can help owner-employees who earn more than ~$75,000 per year save on self-employment taxes. File Form 2553: S-Corp Election.
- C-Corps suffer from double taxation: the corporation pays taxes on profits then members pay taxes on their distributions. If profits exceed $250,000 per owner, you provide employee benefits, or you will re-invest most of your profit in the business, you may benefit from the low tax rates on retained earnings under C-Corp treatment. File Form 8832: C-Corp Election.
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Obtain Business Licenses & Permits
To run your business legally, you must obtain applicable licenses and permits. The easiest way to navigate the wide range of federal, state, and local requirements is to search by your business type and locality using the Small Business Administration Business License & Permit look-up tool.
Maine Business License
Not required
General Business License licensure is not required on the State level in Maine.
Maine does not have a general business license at the state level, but local licenses are often required.
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Ongoing Filings to Maintain Your LLC
You must file federal and state tax returns.
Many states also require business entities to file an annual report to maintain good standing with the secretary of state. If an annual report is required for LLCs formed in Maine, view the table below.
Domestic Maine Corporation Annual Report Requirements:
Agency: Maine Secretary of State - Bureau of Corporations, Elections, and Commissions Form: Use your charter number to prepare a Preprinted report form.
Filing Method: Mail or online.
Agency Fee: $85
Due: Annually by June 1.
Law: Maine Revised Statutes Title 13-C § 1621.
Penalties: $50 late fee.
Notes: - Anyone with authority may file.
- Original signatures are required if you file by paper.
For more details, see our Maine annual report information center page.
As your LLC grows, you will need to demonstrate your company’s good standing to banks, customers, and other state agencies. After all the work involved in forming your Maine LLC, don’t let a missed annual report filing cause your new business to fall out of compliance.
Tracking and filing annual reports on your own can be time consuming and lead to accidental lapses. Protect your LLC’s good standing with Managed Annual Report Service, which tracks and automatically files reports on time, every time, so you can focus on your business.
Helpful Tools
LLC, C-Corp, or S-Corp?
Choose which one is right for you.
Limiting Your Liability
Do you need liability insurance, limited liability protection, or both?
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